Egypt: Engineering an Empire Page #4

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tombassem, architect ...

each coupled to a

wall to support them.

They built this way

because they knew it was possible ...

erect a stone pillar

sustain that.

They were in a

the steps of the architecture ...

it was trial and error.

Zoser died in the 2648 a.c ...

His reign of 19 years

was a time ...

innovation edifying

unprecedented.

When word got out

his death ...

people from the cantons

Egypt's most remote ...

came mourn him.

There was a grand procession

who left the Valley ...

with priests,

professional mourners ...

they were shouting,

tearing their hair ...

and crying the death of the king.

Maybe a boy named Seneferu ...

were present

the last farewell of Zoser.

Seneferu grow in the shade

Step Pyramid of ...

and one day rule Egypt.

As pharaoh, would be obsessed with

achieve perfection in engineering.

But his relentless desire

build a pyramid better ...

Pharaonic cause disasters.

2613 a.c. ...

35 years after the death of Zoser ...

a pharaoh called Seneferu

ascended the throne ...

and founded the 4th Dynasty of Egypt.

He was the son of

a pharaoh previous Huni ...

but his mother was

a queen secondary.

Thus, to consolidate its

claim to the throne ...

Seneferu married

his half-sister Hetepheres ...

whose royal blood was purer.

In the royalty of ancient Egypt ...

these incestuous alliances

were almost routine.

Forget the "half-sister".

Egyptian pharaohs often ...

intermarried with blood sisters.

And the reason for this

dates back to Egyptian mythology.

The gods were married.

Iris and Osiris are brother and sister.

To marry his own sister ...

King behaves like a god.

Craving divine status ...

Seneferu sought to raise

sympathy of his subjects.

He drove to the peasants

as "my friend" or "my brother."

In order to transcend the shadow cast

the opulent reign of Zoser ...

Seneferu embarked

in a relentless search ...

the perfect engineering

that would make him a legend.

According to the Greeks, there were seven

wonders in the ancient world ...

the Hanging Gardens

of Babylon, the Colossus of Rhodes ...

the Temple of Diana at Ephesus,

and the Pyramids of Egypt.

But all these

wonders ...

only survived the pyramids

time and man.

It is the realm of Seneferu

that provides the essential link ...

between the step pyramid,

innovative but primitive ...

and the Great Pyramid

of Cheops at Giza ...

three generations later

which is considered the pinnacle ...

Construction of pyramids.

Was Seneferu who corrected the flaws

during a hard ...

process of trial and error,

and became the engineering of the pyramids ...

in an art.

Seneferu managed funds

these projects ...

defeating their neighbors.

He sacked the Nubia, Libya,

the Sinai Peninsula ...

and among his subjects, received

the title "Destroyer of Barbarians".

It consolidated its reputation

as one of ...

the history of the greatest pharaohs Egito.

The first challenge Seneferu

appeared in Meidum ...

cemetery south of Saqqara.

Ali, the ruins of

his pyramid collapsed ...

today dominate

the desert landscape.

The pyramid is a Meidum

puzzles. She collapsed?

The stone was simply stolen?

Remained unfinished? There are several questions.

Meidum represents a decisive step

the construction of the pyramids.

The core consisted of the pyramid

eight stone floors ...

high at a sharp angle.

Seneferu ordered the decks

were filled ...

up and down with stones.

Then coated the frame with a

layer of polished white limestone ...

giving you the

smooth sides he wanted.

It's as if he did not want to use Seneferu

the stairs:
He wanted a lift.

He had an abstract

that drove ...

straight to heaven,

that is what makes the pyramid.

It represents, concretely,

the immaterial thing of all ...

the rays of the sun light.

Apparently, the new version

Pyramid was a success ...

but beneath his

bright facade had a problem.

If you look at a pyramid

today, it seems to have stripes.

These stripes represent

smooth outer face ...

of two pyramids

of internal steps.

They clearly do not have much friction,

then to build something ...

beside them, if it starts

to slide, there is not much ...

to hold in place.

Today, 4600 years after the construction

Pyramid Meidum ...

are clearly visible

the signs of their destruction.

Only 3 of the original floor 8

remain intact ...

and the shell

added later ...

lies on a huge lot at the base.

Should be evidence of

catastrophic collapse?

I do not believe the theory that

the pyramid collapsed Meidum ...

is true, because we have evidence

that in the New Kingdom ...

there was a man who came

visit the pyramid.

He spoke of his glory.

If she had fallen

during the Old Kingdom ...

he would not talk about her glory.

But what did next seems Seneferu

confirm the theory of collapse.

In its second decade as pharaoh,

he abandoned the pyramid Meidum ...

and started another at Dahshur ...

a desert region

very close to Saqqara.

Ali, his engineers began

the construction of the first pyramid ...

itself.

But as the work progressed ...

they turn

on the brink of another disaster.

When she was about halfway ...

seems to have been

some difficulty ...

which generated some kind

structural damage.

In the inner apartments of the pyramid,

no cracks ...

cracks in structures.

And one of the arguments is that ...

the pyramid was built

on shaky ground.

as they

climbed the pyramid ...

the inner apartments

began to show cracks ...

and they had to reduce weight.

Seneferu was determined not

abandon his second pyramid ...

despite its flaws.

The builders rushed to

shore structure problematic ...

increasing its founding in more

15m on all sides.

Then to build vertically

did something even more drastic:

Abruptly changed the angle

inclination of 54 to 43 .

Today, the building is awkward

known as Pyramid Curve.

The Pyramid Romboidal

is one of my favorites.

It shows the man ...

trying to fix.

Although Seneferu insisted on complete

your Pyramid Curve ...

archaeological evidence

suggests ...

the king was not satisfied.

Another pyramid, only

1.5 km to the north.

Registration nearby

indicates that ...

known as Red Pyramid,

also belonged to Seneferu.

After failing twice

in its mission to build ...

the first pyramid

perfect story ...

Seneferu risked all

the remaining resources of Egypt:

Hand labor, money,

and the best engineers ...

in a last

attempt to glory.

What we see at this time

determination is a fantastic ...

in creating the ideal shape of the pyramid.

It must have been so great a will

worth spending exorbitant ...

emptying the state coffers ...

and an enormous amount of

workers, we imagine ...

to extract stones and build

these grand monuments.

Build a third pyramid

for the same pharaoh ...

mean drain

the resources of the nation ...

but Seneferu,

astute politician who was ...

could sell their fish and

finance his obsession edifying.

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