Egypt: Engineering an Empire Page #6

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He goes on to say: "He who protects

my borders is my son.

He descended from me. but that

not protect my boundary ...

than advocates

this is not my son.

He is not descended from me. "

It is quite surprising and direct.

As his army advancing

southward Sesostris rose ...

in the Nile Valley, a series

of imposing fortresses ...

would guard the border Nubia

and exhibit the power ...

Egyptians and superiority.

This was built

for more than 3700 years ago ...

at a time when the architecture

military was not known.

Maybe just huts.

In the army of antiquity,

they lived in huts.

But for the Egyptians, have thought

it was very clever ...

because they knew

Nubia was very important.

And they knew the danger

that could come from there.

The ruins of fortresses

constructed by Sesostris ...

stood still

in the twentieth century ...

stood still

in the twentieth century ......

And still here.

But there's just one little problem ...

making visits

a bit complicated ...

they are all at the bottom

This lake of crocodiles.

This is Nassar

an artificial lake formed ...

the construction of the dam

Aswan, in the 60s.

He has more than 600km wide

and 120m deep.

And all traces

fortresses of the Middle Kingdom ...

are lost in its depths.

One of the greatest strengths of

Sesostris was built in Buhen ...

mercantile center

since the former empire.

The fortress had Buhen extension

two soccer fields and ...

employed technology used by

strongholds of the European Middle Ages.

Had never been built

nothing like the Fortress Buhen ...

in the ancient Mediterranean world.

One reason to be so important

from the point of view of engineering ...

is that it had layers of defense

and positioning points ...

for archers, where they

could shoot arrows ...

in all directions

against an invading army.

Even outside these walls

there was a gap ...

and after the pit wall.

So any enemy army

who tried to attack the fortress ...

had to climb this wall,

pass through the gap ...

expose yourself to archers

outer walls ...

and there were still two walls

fortified ...

before reaching the interior

the fortress.

The fortress could Buhen

accommodate thousand soldiers ...

including captive Nubians

required to serve for six years ...

in Pharaoh's army.

At the end of his reign,

the network of forts Sesostris .

stretched over 320km

south of Aswan ...

Sudan of today, and solidified

Egyptian dominance in the region.

Sesostris reigned for 39 years.

For centuries after his death,

in 1831 a. C. ..

their garrisons protected

the border Nubia.

But they were not always

composed of Egyptians.

Over the next two centuries,

his achievements were abandoned ...

as the Middle Kingdom

be dismantled.

He became brittle, weakened.

Kerma emerged as a power in

Nubia and fortresses ...

just passing

for control of Kerma ...

apparently with no sign

of great conflict and destruction.

While quermanos

resurfaced in the south, the ...

warrior tribe of the Middle East,

known as the Hyksos ...

conquered the north.

The once glorious

Egyptian Empire disintegrated.

Egypt remained surrounded

during the next 100 years.

But in the sixteenth century BC,

a new empire of native pharaohs ...

would rise and reinstate

the preeminence of Egypt.

Among these monarchs,

There was a queen opportunistic ...

that exceed the barrier between

sexes and obtain absolute power ...

14 centuries before

Birth of Cleopatra.

1479 a.c.

Death of the Pharaoh Thutmose II left a

power vacuum in the royal palace.

Your child with a woman from his harem

was proclaimed king Thutmose III ...

but he was a child

and could not govern alone.

Ento a rainha viva, Hatchepsut,

decidiu preencher o vcuo de poder.

She became co-regent of the boy,

but reigned as pharaoh legitimate.

Hatshepsut began to reach

political power and increasing ...

by the seventh year of the reign

set of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III ...

she began to call

herself "king".

Hatshepsut should not reign

because in Ancient Egypt ...

only men ruled.

Women, no.

For her sex did not constitute

obstacle, she changed.

Your body has acquired

contours male ...

and she wore as accessory

Traditional Egyptian beard.

Your body no longer possessed

female characteristics.

To be taken seriously

as pharaoh, Hatshepsut knew ...

I needed to build

as a.

Thus, to immortalize his reign,

she ordered a huge ...

mortuary temple on the bank

west of Thebes, hometown ...

and power base of the Pharaohs

new empire.

It would serve as an altar for

her spirit after death ...

and perpetuate their

association with the gods.

To build it, she enlisted

his royal architect, Senemut.

He was a commoner who had a relationship

very special woman pharaoh.

Many feel that the relationship

between Hatshepsut and Senemut was ...

more than professional.

And it is true that ...

well there are some obscene graffiti,

with their names ...

show the positions

compromising ...

and this feeds the rumor.

independently

loving your talent ...

Senemut demonstrated

be an excellent engineer.

The Temple of Hatshepsut in

Deir el-Bahari is a proof perennial ...

of his genius and a testament

his undying dedication.

He did this with

the feeling of love ...

not as a service

for the queen. No.

He did it for his beloved,

Hatshepsut.

And for this reason,

the temple is special.

It is different from all other

temples of Egypt.

Today, the temple is surrounded by desert.

But in ancient times,

gardens and lakes made ??him ...

one of the superb

monuments in the world.

It stands on three levels

terraces built ...

the slope of a

limestone hill.

The terraces are linked by

a wide central staircase.

The upper levels are suspended

for long colonnaded porticoes.

The inner walls of one of them ...

there are reliefs depicting

the divine origin of Hatshepsut.

The mortuary temple

Hatshepsut was ...

in fact, a great

propaganda vehicle.

There is a scene showing the god Amon

approaching their mother.

Then there are a species of

intimate moment ...

after which is designed Hatshepsut

with the help of various goddesses.

And in the next scene, she appears

being hailed ...

with a great ovation

various gods, and proclaimed ...

Pharaoh by divine right.

In Deir el-Bahari, the architect

Senemut managed to create ...

a temple unmatched

for a pharaoh without equal.

The project took 15 years to complete,

during which the stepson ...

Hatshepsut, Thutmose, the young pharaoh

heir came of age.

Soon he would claim

his rightful throne.

To stay in power, Hatshepsut

launched an advertising campaign ...

to remind his subjects that

she was descended from a god.

She designed a series

sumptuous monuments ...

to convey this message,

obelisks propagandizing ...

his bond with Amon-Ra.

The format of the obelisk

is quite simple.

It is a high tower and solid

four side ...

with a pyramid-shaped tip,

carved from a whole piece ...

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