In Search of Balance Page #6

at first I was like, no, that's

a heavy stuff, no, it's real,

it happens, and it's

part of healthy soil,

and you will never see it

in commercial agriculture.

One of the things I have been

studying is Soil Biology

with a 400 power microscope

and with that I am able

to see the beneficial fungus

and bacteria, and very quickly

quantitatively decide

if I'm doing it

right or not.

All throughout this sample of

the beneficial microorganisms

I am finding nice fungus

and I am finding much

more of biodiversity.

They are the ones who

are harvesting nutrients

from the soil and passing them

on to the roots of the plants,

we are then passing

them on to us.

Scientist has now

discovered important clues

about the role of

so-called Good Bacteria.

A new study in the journal

'Nature' finds that people

without certain microbes

are more likely to be obese

and to have diabetes or other

serious health problems.

The fascinating thing about

the human microbiome

is that we now realize there

is an entire organ inside of us

that until about

five or ten years ago

nobody even thought about

and all the medical

theories about health

and disease have been

made without that organ.

Its massive cells weighs

about the same as your brain

but it has more genes,

more cells,

arguably more connections

and more complexity,

and replacing physiologically

world-defined roles,

we are just beginning

to understand

what all

those roles are?

It's not an insubstantial organ

because it has composed

of 100 trillion cells,

these are ten

times more cells

than an entire repertoire

of human cells.

There is so much excitement

about it because it turns out

that most about genes are not

human genes but microbial genes.

There is something

going on inside of us

that is very

exciting, mysterious,

and people are now

shifting their attitude

towards understanding this,

implicating the microbiome

in virtually every

function of the body.

They are doing

all kinds of things.

We have no idea what

they were involved

with until very recently,

everything from affecting

how we process our diet

to how we respond to different

drugs even to things like

how we resist different

kinds of diseases.

One of the more intriguing

things about the microbiome

is its possible role

in human obesity.

Millions of microbes that live

in the guts of slim people

could be turned into

potential fat fighters

to help the nation's

obesity epidemic

according

to a new study.

They have taken stool material

from lean and obese twins

so they are twin humans,

and if you take the stool

from the obese twin

and give it to a mouse,

that mouse will become fat,

and if you take the

stool from a lean twin

and give it to a different

mouse, that mouse stays thin.

What's really important about

that is that the two mice

they eat the same,

they exercise the same.

So the only factor that was

different was the microbiome

that they receive.

They are not just sitting

there as inactive bystanders,

they produce many chemicals

that are very similar

to the neurotransmitters

that are brain users,

they talk to

our immune cells,

they talk to various

cells within our gut.

The reason that has truly

caught the imagination of people

is this idea that we are

host to all these creatures

and those internal bacteria

we are discovering

or maybe as important as our

own DNA in our own-selves

when it comes to determining

our mood, how we process food,

how our immune

system works.

When I was a kid

I was a huge germophobe.

One of the things that

we learned is, you know,

most of them aren't germs,

most of them aren't bad.

So if you eat a little dirt

it's not going to hurt,

we are, you know, introducing

diversity to ourselves

and that diversity especially

as children is so important

for helping our immune

system develop properly.

So now I'm not so worried

about touching door handles

or getting

my hands dirty,

because I know that I'm just

increasing the diversity

of my microbes, that's

pretty good for my health.

Having a dog is one of the

best evidence-based things

that you can do in terms

of reducing the rates

of allergies later on.

There is much our inheritance as

the genes in our chromosomes are

and yet much of the way we live

in our days we seem to be trying

to stop transmission of

mother's microbes to the baby.

We need to transmit the

microbiota to the baby.

Everyone assumes that

breast milk is sterile,

but not only is it not sterile

there is a biological mechanism

to ensure that it is not,

and there are organisms

being picked up from the guts,

transported in the blood

and put into breast milk.

One has to guess that

those are the organisms

that is quite difficult

to get from the maternal gut

into the baby's

gut in other ways,

and mother's milk

contains a succession

of interesting polysaccharides

produce the different stages

during lactation which

act as a growth factor

for the organisms that need to

be developing in the baby's gut

at each stage after birth.

So we do seem

to be trying to block

this essential

transmission

of the microbiota

in the next generation.

We come out

the regular way,

as you pass through the

birth canal you are coated

with particular set of

microbes from your mother

whereas if you are delivered

by C-section instead,

you miss out on that

inoculation and essentially

what you pick up is good

microbes from other people

or possibly from dust

flushing around in the air.

One of these things are

limiting the transmission

of the microbiota which is part

of the family's heritage,

part of the genetics

of the family.

The reason why this

is important is because

if you are delivered

by C-section

you have higher rates

of a whole lot of diseases

with immune complications

including asthma, allergies,

atopic disease,

even obesity.

They really determine

who we are.

The bushes you see around is

a colony of many microorganisms.

We have also the colony

of any microorganisms.

The art was part

of the science

and the science

is part of the art.

The coloring started not

really just to make art,

but for us to capture

different features

in different motives

in the pattern,

because it seems like many

secrets are hidden there,

so each time we do new

experiment we find new patterns

and I keep like

a child, wow!

Complexity of the pattern

reflects the fact

that you have

distribution of task,

you have these dots

on the colony that you see.

There are tens

of thousands,

hundreds of thousands of

bacteria that connect together,

they hold hands

and they dance together,

they circle around, and they

pave the way to the colony

to move on hard surfaces.

When you have a complex pattern

when the environment changes

and in the soil

the environment changes

they can change the shape,

change the mix,

make up of the colony and

adapt to the new conditions.

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