Jango

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VISIT TO CHINA OF JOO BELCHIOR GOULART,

VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC

OF THE UNITES STATES OF BRAZIL.

THE CENTRAL STUDIOS OF

NEWS AND DOCUMENTARIES

OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.

BEIJING, AUGUST 1961 .

In the afternoon of August 13th,

Joo GouIart,

the Vice-President of the Republic of the

United States of BraziI arrives in Beijing.

I'm the bearer of a

message to the Chinese people,

a message of friendship from

the Brazilian people,

I am undoubtedly contributing towards

a closer relationship between our peoples,

who can and should be good friends.

Zhou Enlai, Prime Minister

of the State Council,

talks with

Vice-President Joo Goulart.

Liu Shaoqi, President

of the People's Republic of China,

welcomes Vice-President Joo Goulart.

The guests of honor visit the museum

about the history of the Chinese revolution.

These Chinese characters mean:

" let's distribute the land,

through the strike of the hatchet,

we shall unlock a new world;

with the strike of the scythe,

we shall eliminate the old one."

On August 23rd,

Vice-President Joo Goulart

ends his visit to China and leaves

Canton to return to Brazil.

Xeng Xeng, the vice-governor

of the Guangzhou province,

and other officials

of the province of the city,

together with a well-wishing crowd,

say goodbye to the guests of honor

at the railway station.

The friendship, closeness and cooperation

between the peoples of China and Brazil

are ever increasing.

Greetings to the Brazilian people.

May the guests of honor have a safe trip.

BRASLlA, August 25th, 1961

It was a little past 6 in the morning

when president

Jnio Quadros, as usual,

locked himself up in his office.

That day, however, he drafted

the terms of his resignation,

which would be sent to the National

Congress a few hours later,

stirring up a lethargic Friday session.

With expression and gestures that

did not betray his decision,

Jnio attended the Soldier Day

Service.

Defeated by what he called " terrible

forces" in his resignation note,

Jnio was photographed for the last time as

president alongside the " occuIt forces" .

Minister of Navy

Slvio Heck warned:

if Vice-President Joo Goulart

were to be inaugurated in office,

a civiI war would erupt in the country.

The backdrop for the coup was set.

I was informed of the resignation

by a phone call from the chief

of staff of the presidency of the republic,

minister Macedo Soares.

And immediately I though of

calling a meeting in Itamaraty

with those friends I could

talk to immediately,

in order to pay homage to the

resigning president.

And I was glad that idea was well-accepted,

because, not only my personal friends

met in Itamaraty

but also the diplomats that

were then in Rio de Janeiro -

Few had moved to Braslia yet, the transfer

of the capital had just happened -

and many workers.

From the most humble employees,

door-keepers, office-boys,

The drivers of the ministry,

to diplomats

who were then in Rio de Janeiro.

So we opened a bottle of

Champagne in honor of the president

And, in a moment of

conservative traditionalism,

we offered to those present

one last Itamaraty reception.

He received the news in Singapore,

at the Raffles hotel,

in the middle of the night.

An American telegraphic

agency called

seeking his comments

on the resignation of Jnio Quadros.

He had not been aware of such resignation

untiI just then.

He was surprised.

And I remember, I mean, I was told later,

that one of the participants

In that mission,

senator Barros de Carvalho, of PTB,

Said right away:
" Dr. Jango, Let's

open a bottle of champagne

to celebrate the future president."

But Jango was a very cautious man,

very down-to-earth.

He said:
" Look, Barros,

if you want to have champagne

there's nothing wrong with that.

We'll have the bar send up some.

Now, we will not be celebrating my

presidency,

but rather paying homage to

unpredictability."

So Borja, a frontier town,

at the Missions rea,

is the birth and resting place

of two presidents:

Getlio Dornelles Vargas and

Joo Belchior Marques Goulart.

Joo Goulart's bedroom

at Granja So Vicente

displays moments of his public life,

started with president Vargas' help.

The 1 7 years in between his

swearing in as state congressman in '47

and his overthrowing from power in '64,

only deepened his nationalism and

commitment to social justice,

the tragic reasons behind

the common destiny of both men.

By putting a gun to his chest

on the morning of August 24th, 1954,

Getlio Vargas brought an end

to his own life

and also to the plans of his opponents

who wanted to achieve power,

following the trail

torn open by the coup.

Everything changed in those hours

between Vargas' suicide

and the resignation that had been demanded

the day before by a military uItimatum.

When Jango left for Porto Alegre

to bury his friend,

he took with him the will

and the political heritage of Getlio.

Born on March 1st, 1918,

Jango, the seventh child of

Vicente and Vicentina Goulart,

affluent landowners,

spontaneously lived in close

contact with farm workers.

His youth years in Porto Alegre

were spent between the bliss of bohemian

life and the rigors of the academy.

In the country of lawyers,

Jango also got a law degree

and quickly climbed the steps of

a life in politics.

State congressman in 1947,

Federal congressman in 1950,

secretary of interior and justice

in Rio Grande do Sul,

national chairman for PTB.

In 1954, when Getlio had to replace

his waves to the people

for commitments with the working classes,

Jango stepped out of the shadows,

joining the Ministry of Employment.

Side-by-side in the ministry

sat people from the old-republic,

Getlio's comrades from the 1930 Revolution,

seasoned politicians.

Joo Goulart, at age 36,

personified Vargas' wish to inject

new blood into Brazilian politics.

Jango became minister when

seamen were carrying out a strike

for better pay.

He mediated the conflict

and used his influence to

grant their claims.

To celebrate May 1st, he prepared

a fair gift to workers:

a 100% -increase in minimum wage.

Getlio granted the increase

but dismissed Jango,

because the salary increase reignited

a military crisis,

that exploded in a manifesto

signed by 42 colonels.

BraziI and its army

had been closely following

the ongoing ideological battle

for a long time.

And this battle was

greatly strengthened

when Mr. Joo Goulart

was minister of employment

in the Getlio administration.

Surrounded by leftists

in his ministry,

Jango started adopting measures

that caused concern among the military.

And the colonels,

in light of the Brazilian atmosphere,

decided to warn

their military chiefs, generals,

and signed a manifesto.

To communicate their concern

about the path that BraziI was

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