Nadia Boulanger: Mademoiselle
- Year:
- 1977
- 77 Views
On the occasion
of Nadia Boulanger's 90th birthday
Nadia Boulanger is the most famous
music teacher of the 20th century.
Today, aged 90, she still teaches
pupils from all over the world.
''N. Boulanger
sometimes allows me the illusion
''that I understand something
of the subtleties
''and skillful arrangement
of great music. ''
Here now is Igor Markevitch.
First of all,
one must bear in mind
her double origins.
On her father's side,
the French intelligentsia,
the French Academy,
the Rome Prize.
On her mother's side,
a Russian princess' family.
Hence a certain tension,
a permanent feature of her character,
of her activity,
and even of her physical appearance.
When I first came to her
as an adolescent,
I was struck by her charming profile,
by the pince-nez she wore
like a Herr Professor.
I think she wore it deliberately.
In those days, in order to exist,
a woman had to assert herself.
She probably wore that pince-nez
so that she'd be taken seriously
as a real Professor.
One thinks one is in B minor.
But no, it doesn't stay put...
With the same motive...
Each chord opens a perspective.
We are here
in Nadia Boulanger's Paris flat.
is Mozart's C minor Fantasy.
She tries to kindle
her pupils appreciation
of its surprising harmony.
He listens.
It seems we were in E flat minor...
Suddenly,
a streak of tenderness:
B major.
It's better than it was.
Then G, no!
D major! G major, sorry.
Then, a different kind
of expression...
Something else.
Some minor mistakes...
Then...
again B minor.
A rest on the dominant.
Tonic! Dominant !
Tonic !
No, 4th degree!
Tonic, dominant,
we know for sure we are in B minor.
And then...
Wait!
- Then what?
- We are in D major...
Since you're playing, that's
the least we can expect of you.
So, here we are in D major.
The ear,
which heard:
f, b, f, b, f,and suddenly...
This D major modulation
is not simply a D major modulation.
I am using words such as tenderness
or tension. It's all wrong.
It is what the music itself is...
They have come by the thousands
to study with her.
Some of them became famous.
Pianists such as:
Dinu Lipatti,
Idil Biret,
Daniel Barenboim,
Jeremy Menuhin.
Composers like Penderecki, Berkeley,
Aaron Copland,
Jean Franaix,
Virgil Thompson,
Walter Piston,
Roger Sessions,
Elliot Carter,
Andrzej Panufnik,
Michel Legrand,
Pierre Schaeffer,
and Igor Markevitch,
the conductor
of worldwide reputation.
During my first year with her,
every week.
She revealed these works to us
in an extraordinary way.
We had the feeling
that until then
we had remained on the surface,
that we suddenly penetrated
their inner meaning,
their very structure.
I remember
my fellow student,
Sviatoslav Stravinsky,
the son of Igor, saying:
''It is as if the work at hand
suddenly became as deep as the sea.''
Indeed, we all had that feeling.
a new dimension,
a new depth,
that we might never
have been aware of,
had she not played them
to us.
It went so far
that when we brought her
a score we had written,
she was able,
to correct mistakes
that had eluded us.
She had a prodigious eye,
and an ear
which were absolutely remarkable.
The accuracy of her ear
seems to have struck
all the great musicians
who knew her. Leonard Bernstein:
Yesterday, I visited her.
I brought her a new song of mine.
She insisted:
''Play it to me, please.''
And I started.
''Ah, that B flat in the bass! No!''
I am 58,
but I was like a child,
a 21 year--old student
who had come to work
with Mademoiselle.
That was the 1 st lesson
I ever had with...
Because I never was her pupil.
And she said:
''Ah, that B flat'',and she began to live again
at that moment,
we had already been talking
for an hour
about many things.
About Mozart,
Berg, Schnberg,
Boulez,
when she insisted:
''Please, play me the song
that you brought.''
And she picked out that note.
Why did she object to it?
Yes, because that note
had already appeared...
in the right hand.
That B flat has already been heard.
She wanted something fresher...
Something like this.
And I thought:
Really,
this woman is incredible.
Indomitable!
A grand lady of almost
90 years
who is almost blind,
who can hardly move,
but who is in such form !
She is ready
to make her criticisms,
as during all her life.
She was radiating light.
f, c, f sharp,
f.
The bass line:
c, e, a,c, c...
Teaching musical analysis,
she dissects here,
the Kyrie from Stravinsky's Mass.
Stravinsky, who was her friend,
once said about her:
''She hears everything. ''
The tenor line:
c, c, c,
d, c, b,
b, b, b.
The contralto line:
Then, the whole thing:
The chorus:
In the thirties,
Stravinsky went through
a difficult period
we've now forgotten about.
Turning his back on the composer
of the Rite of Spring and of Noces,
Stravinsky moved
towards a sort of neo--classicism,
even going in the direction
of Weber, Bellini, or Tchaikovsky.
Many people have seen this
as a self-betrayal.
Nadia Boulanger was one of the first
to grasp the importance
of Stravinsky's evolution,
all the doors that it opened,
and to demonstrate,
analyse and unveil it to us.
You are one of the people
who were closest to him,
both humanly and musically.
Stravinsky was a great believer.
I don't know if you are aware of it,
but in his art
you sense the sacred.
When he does this for instance:
Igor Stravinsky,
The Firebird, Berceuse.
When this man,
who always accepted commissions,
decided to write a Mass,
as he had decided, years before,
to write Ave Maria,
the Lords Prayer and the Credo,
he was responding
with a ritual gesture to his faith
that if he played cards,
he would play seriously
as well as he could.
In all his actions
there was something serious,
even amidst frivolity or burlesque.
He was so happy when he was asked
When I saw him in New York,
he urged me to go and hear it.
He was euphoric at having succeeded
But there was no confusing Circus
Polka and the Symphony of Psalms;
no mock religion,
''Will you accept that commission?''
I asked him.
''I can't,
it doesn't make my mouth water.''
Take Valry's verses:
''Whether I shall be
a tomb or a treasure.
''Whether I talk or keep silent
is up to you.
''My friend,
do not enter without desire.''
Valry says:
''Do not enter without desire''
and he:
''It doesn't make my mouth water.''
That desire defines any creator,
but what is the specificity
of Stravinsky's genius?
You cannot define it with something
that applies to anyone.
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