National Geographic: Treasures of the Deep

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Thousands of feet beneath the seven seas

lies the history of the world buried

in the wreckage of lost ships.

It is a realm of precious artifacts

and priceless treasures.

A world of ancient mysteries long

beyond our grasp.

Until today.

Now the sunken marvels

of the ocean deep are up for grabs,

from ancient Roman ships to

Spanish galleons

to luxury liners like the Titanic.

I dream about gold and

emeralds every night.

And you gotta believe it's there

and you gotta want it bad.

Some people are out to plunder the past.

While others archeologists

and scientists

like the man who first found

the Titanic, are out to preserve it.

They are all armed with million-dollar

high-tech tools,

and the will to spend years

on the arduous search.

Just running out on a boat

with a metal detector

and hoping to jump over the side and

pull up a beached basket of gold coins

that's stuff of fantasy and Hollywood.

that really doesn't happen very often.

It is a world where controversy reigns

where there are confusing laws

and no rules.

Does anyone have a right

to excavate shipwrecks?

Should the past be protected?

Or should it be picked clean for profit?

So it's a very big difference

between doing something to

fill in a missing chapter

in human history

and doing it for personal greed.

Explorers and archeologists.

Entrepreneurs and salvagers.

Some will risk everything

reputation, fortune, even their lives

to possess the treasures of the deep.

The Mediterranean Sea.

On its shores grew the great

civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome.

And from its banks,

ancient peoples sailed beyond the

safety of land in small wooden ships.

For hundreds of years,

Roman ships controlled these waters,

creating a vast empire.

But the moods of the sea are harsh

and unpredictable,

and a Roman vessel 100 feet long

had no defenses against storm

and wave and wind.

Over the centuries,

countless ships were lost

and countless sailors killed.

Now the man who discovered the Titanic

Dr. Robert Ballard,

is again hunting for shipwrecks,

ancient shipwrecks in the Mediterranean.

For hundreds of years,

scientists have looked

in the ocean for our history.

And for most of that time

they've only been able to

look a very short distance

of one or 200 feet,

which represents an insignificant

amount of the ocean.

And what we're trying to accomplish is

something that's never been done before

and this is to try to excavate a ship

of antiquity

that is thousands of feet

beneath the sea.

To bring up ancient vessels

buried a half-mile down.

It's never been done before

and Ballard only has five short weeks

to do it.

You know, it's ironic that we have

sent robots to Mars

and we've mapped the far side of Venus

in fact, that we know more about

the moon's surface than the ocean.

To make the impossible happen

Ballard will need a floating

laboratory as mission central.

The Carolyn Chouest, a U.S. Navy vessel,

will journey 80 miles west of Sicily

into international waters,

where no one has a claim on lost vessels.

Ballard believes the Mediterranean

is strewn with ancient wrecks

and he has long dreamed of finding one

We're sitting right now in ruins

that are on the island of Sicily.

To get to Rome you have to cross

the Tyrrhenian Sea;

to get to Carthage you have to cross

the Straits of Sicily.

To travel from civilization to

civilization here in the Mediterranean

you must cross the Mediterranean,

and many of those ships didn't make it

Many of those ships went to the bottom

and many of them went into the deep sea.

Between ancient Carthage and Rome,

it's 12,000 feet deep.

And no one has ever gone to the bottom

of the Tyrrhenian Sea

to look for those ships that sank

most surely sank there until now.

It was a decade ago when Ballard

and a team of archeologists

first surveyed an

unexplored Mediterranean region

called Skerki Bank.

In 1988, he made a startling discovery

nearly 3,000 feet down,

the remains of an ancient Roman ship

lying untouched for almost 20 centuries

The find confirmed,

for the first time ever,

that an ancient trade route

had flourished across the open sea,

from Carthage in North Africa to Rome.

Now Ballard has returned to Skerki Bank,

where he'll attempt to excavate

the ancient Roman ship.

Working in close collaboration

with archeologists,

Ballard hopes to uncover something

nobody has ever seen before.

My greatest dream is that these ships

are buried and well preserved,

and that their cargo in preserved and,

and who knows, maybe there's people

that are preserved.

I'm not sure I want to find people,

but it would be fascinating.

We won't know until we dig them.

Could there really be the remains

of ancient seafarers

at the bottom of the Mediterranean?

It is an extraordinary idea,

and to find out Ballard will use

an extraordinary machine.

The NR-1.

The big gun of deep-diving submarines.

It is capable of going

all the way down to 3,000 feet

and staying there for a month.

Built during the clashes of the Cold war,

the NR-1 was a crucial weapon in

the U.S. Navy's arsenal for 30 years,

designed to search the ocean depths

for downed planes and lost missiles.

It's the best in the world, outfitted

with lights, sensors, cameras,

and a mechanical arm for digging,

all of it powered by a nuclear reactor

which won't need to be

refueled for 20 years.

Even now, its sonar equipment

is still classified,

so sophisticated NR-1 can find a soda

can sitting on the seafloor a mile away

The NR-1 is a marvel,

but it's a cramped one.

The 11-man crew shares one bolted-down

kitchen table

just big enough for two people at a time.

For this mission,

Ballard has added something brand new

to the sub's digging arm

a powerful suction pump

that will dredge the ocean bottom.

Ballard believes the seafloor

is sandy and soft,

ready to reveal whatever

secrets lie hidden underneath.

What is actually down there?

Will Ballard find the timbers

of an ancient Roman trading ship,

and the bones of the men

who sailed it 2,000 years ago?

Sunken treasure.

It has drawn people into the seas

since the first cargo ship apart

on the first shallow reefs.

Relics, gold, gems, pieces of eight

it is the stuff that countless dreams

and schemes are made of.

Obsessed with the promise of riches,

undersea treasure hunters today

scour the world's oceans,

crowding serious archeologists.

The king of the undersea dreamers

and schemers

is a stubborn rebel name Mel Fisher.

In his quest for treasure,

Fisher let nothing stand in his way,

and came to be known as a swashbuckler

a very successful swashbuckler.

In 1997, family and friends joined

with fisher

to mark the spot where

he struck gold nearly 25 years earlier

The reason we picked today

was rather appropriate.

It's Mel Fisher's 75th birthday.

Here, here.

Long live the king. Long live the king

But the plaque and let me

unveil it here take it off.

You notice we have a picture

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