Zero Days Page #4

to convince the rulers

in Tehran

that they needed to pursue

nuclear weapons more seriously.

George Bush:
States like these

and their terrorist allies

constitute an axis of evil,

arming to threaten

the peace of the world.

Samore:
From 2003 to 2005

when they feared that

the U.S. would invade them,

they accepted limits

on their nuclear program.

But by 2006, the iranians

had come to the conclusion

that the U.S. was bogged down

in Afghanistan and Iraq

and no longer had the capacity

to threaten them,

and so they felt it was safe to

resume their enrichment program

they started producing

low enriched uranium,

producing more centrifuges,

installing them

at the large-scale underground

enrichment facility at natanz.

Journalist:

Ahmadinejad:

Gibney:
How many times

have you been to natanz?

Not that many, because I left

few years ago, the dia,

but I was there quite...

Quite a few times.

Natanz is just in the middle

of the desert.

When they were building it

in secret,

they were calling it

desert irrigation facility.

For the local people,

you want to sell why you

are building a big complex.

There is a lot of artillery

and air force.

It's better protected

against attack from air

than any other nuclear

installation I have seen.

So this is

deeply underground.

But then inside, natanz is like

any other centrifuge facility.

I have been all over the world,

from Brazil to Russia, Japan,

so they are all alike

with their own features,

their own centrifuges,

their own culture,

but basically,

the process is the same.

And so are the monitoring

activities of the iaea.

There are basic principles.

You want to see what goes in,

what goes out,

and then on top of that

you make sure that

it produces

low enriched uranium

instead of anything to do with

the higher enrichments

and nuclear weapon

grade uranium.

Emad kiyaei:

Iran's nuclear facilities

are under 24-hour watch.

Of the united nations

nuclear watchdog,

the iaea, the international

atomic energy agency.

Every single gram of iranian

fissile material...

Is accounted for.

They have, like, basically

seals they put

on fissile materials.

There are iaea seals.

You can't break it

without getting noticed.

Heinonen:
When you look

at the uranium

which was there in natanz,

it was a very special uranium.

This is called isotope 236,

and that was a puzzle to us,

because you only see

this sort of uranium

in states which

have had nuclear weapons.

We realized that

they had cheated us.

This sort of equipment

has been bought

from what they call

a black market.

They never pointed out

it to a.Q. Khan

at that point of time.

What I was surprised

was the sophistication

and the quality control

and the way they have

the manufacturing

was really professional.

It was not something,

you know, you just create

in a few months' time.

This was a result

of a long process.

A centrifuge,

you feed uranium gas

in and you have a cascade,

thousands of centrifuges,

and from the other end

you get enriched uranium out.

It separates uranium based on

spinning the rotors.

It spins so fast,

300 meters per second,

the same as

the velocity of sound.

These are tremendous forces

and as a result,

the rotor, it twists,

looks like a banana

at one point of time.

So it has to be balanced

because any small vibration

it will blow up.

And here comes another trouble.

You have to raise

the temperature

but this very thin

rotor was...

They are made from

carbon fiber,

and the other pieces,

they are made from metal.

When you heat

carbon fiber, it shrinks.

When you heat metal,

it expands.

So you need to balance not only

that they spin,

they twist,

but this temperature behavior

in such a way that

it doesn't break.

So this has to be

very precise.

This is what makes them

very difficult to manufacture.

You can model it,

you can calculate it,

but at the very end,

it's actually based

on practice and experience.

So it's a...

It's a piece of art, so to say.

Man:

Heinonen:
Iranians are very

proud of their centrifuges.

They have a lot of

public relations videos

given up always in April

when they have what they call

a national nuclear day.

Man:

Kiyaei:
Ahmadinejad came into

his presidency saying

if the international community

wants to derail us

we will stand up to it.

If they want us to sign more

inspections

and more additional protocols

and other measures,

no, we will not.

We will fight for our rights.

Iran is a signature to nuclear

non-proliferation treaty,

and under that treaty, Iran has

a right to a nuclear program.

We can have enrichment.

Who are you, world powers,

to come and tell us that we

cannot have enrichment?

This was his mantra,

and it galvanized

the public.

Sanger:
By 2007, 2008,

the U.S. government

was in a very bad place with

the iranian program.

President bush recognized

that he could not even

come out in public

and declare that the iranians

were building a nuclear weapon,

because by this time,

he had gone through

the entire wmd fiasco in Iraq.

He could not really take

military action.

Condoleezza rice said to him

at one point,

"you know, Mr. president,

I think you've invaded

your last Muslim country,

even for the best of reasons."

He didn't want to let

the Israelis

conduct a military operation.

It's 1938, and Iran is Germany

and it's racing...

To arm itself

with atomic bombs.

Iran's nuclear ambitions

must be stopped.

They have to be stopped.

We all have to stop it, now.

That's the one message

i have for you today.

- Thank you.

Israel was saying

they were gonna bomb Iran.

And the government here

in Washington

did all sorts of scenarios

about what would happen

if that Israeli attack occurred.

They were all

very ugly scenarios.

Our belief was that if

they went on their own

knowing the limitations...

No, they're a very good

air force, all right?

But it's small

and the distances are great

and the target's disbursed

and hardened, all right?

If they would have

attempted a raid

on a military plane,

we would have been assuming that

they were assuming

we would finish

that which they started.

In other words,

there would be many of us

in government thinking that

the purpose of the raid

wasn't to destroy

the iranian nuclear system,

but the purpose of the raid

was to put us at war with Iran.

Israel is very much

concerned about

Iran's nuclear program,

more than the United States.

It's only natural because

of the size of the country,

because we live in this

neighborhood,

America lives thousands and

thousands miles away from Iran.

The two countries agreed on

the goal.

There is no page between us

that Iran should not have

a nuclear military capability.

There are some differences

on how to...

How to achieve it

and when action is needed.

Yadlin:
We are taking

very seriously

leaders of countries who call to

the destruction

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