Derrida

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[ Derrida, In French ]

[ Woman On TV] Good evening.

Later on tonight's late show...

we look at the French

philosopherJacques Derrida...

founder of the post-structuralist

mode of analysis...

known as deconstruction...

and internationally acknowledged by many

as one of the most innovative...

and inspiring

of contemporary philosophers.

[ Siren Wailing ]

[ Chattering ]

My theory is that Americans exist to

the degree that they're being filmed...

or believe themselves

to be filmed.

- Yeah.

- This is their natural condition.

[ Mumbles ] You see

how Americanized I am now.

Careful.

[ Chuckles ]

She sees everything around me,

but she's totally blind.

That's the image of the philosopher

who falls in the well. You say?

- [ Woman ] Yes.

- While looking at the star.

- [ Car Alarm Blaring ]

- Watch it.

Watch--

Uh-uh-uh-uh-uh.

[ Derrida ]

I have these people around

all the time, day and night.

Wherever I am, for two weeks now

they have been constantly...

- Mm.

- tracking me.

[ Woman ]

Are you getting used to it?

- Sometimes I forget. I just forget.

- Yeah?

[ Elevator Bell Dings ]

[ Derrida ] We should not neglect

the fact that some biographies--

written by people who have

authority in the academy--

finally invest

this authority in a book...

which, for centuries sometimes...

after the death of an author,

represent the truth.

Huh? The truth.

Someone...

interested

in biography writes...

Life and Works of Heidegger.

Well documented...

apparently consistent...

and it's the only one...

published by--

under the authority of a good press.

Okay? And then,

Heidegger's image--

Heidegger's life image--

is fixed and stabilized

for centuries.

That's why I would say

that sometimes...

the one who reads a text

by a philosopher...

for instance,

a tiny paragraph...

- [ Camera Shutter Clicks ]

- and interprets it in a rigorous...

inventive and...

powerfully deciphering fashion...

is more of a real biographer...

than the one who knows

the whole story.

[ Derrida ]

This is the blue jacket I have.

That's nice.

But this doesn't fit with the--

This is black, this is not blue. Okay?

- And I usually can't--

- I know.

Can I-- We won't get your bottom half.

Can I see what it looks like?

Is that okay?

I'm sorry to trouble you.

As you know, the traditional

philosophy excludes biography...

considers biography as

something external to philosophy.

You remember, uh...

Heidegger's statement...

about Aristotle.

Heidegger once was asked,

I think, uh...

''What is-- What was

the life of Aristotle?''

What could we answer to the question:

What was Aristotle's life?

Well, the answer

is very simple.

Aristotle was a philosopher.

The answer holds

in one sentence:

''He was born, he thought

and he died.''

And all the rest

is pure anecdote.

[ Woman ]

His mother's grave is profaned.

His parents never read

any ofhis books.

He cries out,

''Mommy, I'm scared, '"

every night until she lets him

sleep on a sofa near them.

One side ofhis face

is paralyzed for three weeks...

leaving his eye open

continuously, unblinking.

His father composes

his own death notice...

shortly before

he dies of cancer.

He's expelled from school

because he is Jewish.

He learns he was given

a secret name, Eli...

after theJewish prophet Elijah,

that isn't on his birth certificate.

He fails his first

entrance exam to the university.

He writes his first novel

at age 1 5...

about the theft of a diary

and blackmail for its return.

He pretends to learn Hebrew so as

to read it without understanding it.

He is arrested and thrown in prison

for 2 4 hours in Prague...

for transporting drugs,

which the authorities plant on him.

He receives a collect call from

someone who identifies himself as...

''Martini'"Heidegger.

He declines an offer

from Marguerite Duras...

to play a part

in one ofher films.

As an adolescent, he dreams of

becoming a professional soccer player.

He doesn't circumcise

his sons...

greatly upsetting

his mother and father.

He suffers from sleeplessness

and nervous collapse...

from the overuse of sleeping tablets

and amphetamines.

His older brother

lives only seven days...

dying just a year

before he is born.

Classical philosophers...

usually avoid

autobiography.

It is because they think

it's indecent.

That is, a philosopher should not speak

of himself as an empirical being.

And this impoliteness,

or this politeness...

is philosophy itself,

in principle.

So, if we want to break...

with this philosophical axiom,

classical philosophical axiom...

according to which a philosopher

should not present himself...

or...

[ Stammers ]

give in to autobiography...

then we have to be indecent

to some extent.

[ Woman ] We no longer consider

the biography of a philosopher...

as a set

of empirical accidents...

that leaves one with a name...

that within itselfbe offered

up to philosophical reading...

the only kind of reading held to be

philosophically legitimate.

Neither readings of

philosophical systems...

nor external

empirical readings...

have ever in themselves

questioned the dynamics...

of that borderline

between the work and the life...

between the system

and the subject of the system.

This borderline is neither

active nor passive.

It's neither outside

nor inside.

It is most especially not

a thin line...

an invisible

or indivisible trait...

that lies between the philosophy

on the one hand...

and the life of an author

on the other.

[ Chattering ]

- Hi. My name's Jenny.

- Hi.

Listening to you speak just elucidated

your texts just so much to me.

- Thank you. Thank you.

- [ Giggles ]

- But I just wanted to meet you.

- Thank you.

I-I read your novel, one of

your novels over the summer.

I just wanted to hear you speak

so I could understand it better.

I started reading about negative

theology... [ Garbled ]

and I was wondering

if there was any connection...

between, you said

a specific Christian discourse...

but I was wondering if there

was any connection between

that and say Hebrew cabala...

- uh, and something--

- Yeah, it never, it never finishes.

But it's not the same thing.

Cabala is full of...

such gentle God beyond God--

[ Microphone Interference ]

[ Continues, Indistinct ]

- But it doesn't mean

there aren't a number of--

- Thank you.

[ Woman ] You're very well known

in the States for deconstruction.

Can you talk a little bit

about the origin of that idea?

[ In French ]

[ Woman ] The very condition

of a deconstruction...

may be at work in the work, within

the system to be deconstructed.

It may already be located there,

already at work.

Not at the center

but in an eccentric center...

in a corner whose eccentricity assures

the solid concentration of the system...

participating in the construction

of what it, at the same time...

threatens to deconstruct.

One might then be inclined

to reach this conclusion.

Deconstruction is not an operation

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