Egypt: Engineering an Empire Page #8

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along the east bank of the Nile ...

and 4.8 km inland.

Its design was irradiated ...

the royal tomb as sunlight

emanating from the spirit of the king.

A royal road ran parallel

the river, connecting the city center ...

the palaces and temples of Pharaoh.

He went to a place untouched.

A place completely clean ...

and there established a city.

That is why it is special.

Akhetaten was perhaps the first

planned city in the world ...

and the most important.

The new city of Akhenaton

sprouted with unprecedented speed.

Within two years of its founding

was home to 20,000 people ...

and had all the necessary facilities

to meet a growing population.

The city limits were demarcated

by great monuments ...

called boundary stelae.

Several of these have survived ...

and their applications transmit

in a very accurate ...

that land was

consecrated to the god Aton.

In Amarna, Pharaoh had created

their own universe ...

placing oneself

and his family at the center of it.

In all representations of Amarna

all who are not part ...

the royal family appear bent,

always bowing ...

Akhenaten and the royal family.

He appears to have required ...

people bowed

in his presence in a way ...

never seen

between the earlier pharaohs.

The Sun King had four major

palaces in your city.

Each serving

a personal purpose and spiritual.

The only surviving mode

discernible is the palace of the north.

Traces of stables and fabulous

frescoed with wild birds ...

found here, indicating

this is the private retreat of the pharaoh.

But there is also evidence

a garden paradise ...

and a throne room with colonnades

where Akhenaten may have received ...

important visits.

Obsession by Pharaoh

magnitudes stretched ...

the sacred sites of Amarna.

Three miles south of

palace of the north lie the ruins ...

a complex known

how small temple of Aton.

The word "small" is inappropriate.

The complex covers almost 6.503m ...

an area twice

the White House.

The entire temple was once

surrounded by a brick wall.

Inside were three courtyards,

separated by Cyclopean walled gates ...

called pylons.

Religious belief of Egypt

The pylons are associated ...

the two mountains on the horizon.

So when a god ...

enters or leaves the temple by

these pylons, it's like the sun ...

was rising or setting

in the mountains on the horizon.

Within the first pylon of the temple,

had a courtyard with rows of tables ...

offerings and a ramp rising

the high altar of bricks.

Then there was another courtyard, which contained

the home of the resident priest.

In the third pylon,

was the heart of the temple ...

the holy of holies inhabited

the spirit of Aton.

Some archaeologists believe

the small temple of Aton ...

may serve as a sanctuary

permanent spirit of Akhenaten.

Increasingly turned

for religion ...

Pharaoh neglected

government affairs.

In the second decade of his reign,

he began to lose control ...

about the Egyptian empire.

Everything indicates that Akhenaten began

to take their religion ...

increasingly serious and avoid the

responsibilities as head of state.

He did not know what was happening

beyond the city's borders.

The empire of Egypt began to sink

because several other powerful people ...

Near Eastern

began to dominate territory.

Many details about the last few years

Akhenaten are unknown.

But one thing is undeniable:

His mysterious death in 1336 a.c. ..

unleashed the vengeful fury

the priests of Amon.

Their statues were broken,

buried and destroyed.

Inside the tomb Meryre,

high priest of Pharaoh ...

the walls are covered with scenes

life under the reign of Akhenaten.

The most shocking of all is the King

driving a chariot ...

with his head and body deleted.

Although it was too late

to avenge him in life ...

had time to destroy it

after death.

Destroy the statue of a

dead person was a terrible act ...

the imaginary Egyptian

why kill the chance ...

that person had

returning to his eternal abode.

So we know that was the thing

more brutal than could be done ...

someone after his death.

After Akhenaten's enemies

crippled her spirit ...

his city was abandoned.

A few years after the death of Pharaoh,

Amarna seemed ...

a ghost town of Western.

The government soon passed to his son

Akhenaten, Tutankhamun, 9 years.

Eager to distance himself from his father,

he returned the supreme power ...

the god Amon, changed

his name to Tutankhamun ...

and brought the capital back to Thebes.

Ali Pharaohs who succeeded

would build the most sumptuous ...

tombs of Egyptian history,

filling them with treasures ...

most precious ever assembled.

These tombs are still

nested silently ...

among the hills of the cemetery

world's most famous, the Valley of the Kings.

1280 a.c. ...

When the sun rises,

on the western border of Thebes ...

begins another week in the service of Pharaoh

for a team of workers ...

who lived here,

in the village of Dier el-Medina.

Every morning, these workers

kissed their wives and children ...

and began a journey

an hour walk to work ...

across these mountains ...

in a place that today

known as the "Valley of the Kings'.

Today, we associate the Valley of the Kings

the Tutankhamun ...

popularly known as King Tut,

whose body was found ...

intact in 1922.

Mas, taking the gold and artifacts,

the tomb of Tut is actually ...

um minors

and most simple of the whole valley.

Construction of the tomb engrenou same

So after 40 years of burial of Tut ...

during the reign of Seti I.

Quando Seti I came to the throne, in 1294

had inherited an empire fragile.

In the six previous decades,

Egypt faltered ...

after the chaotic reign of Akhenaten.

There was a real need for

strengthen the Egyptian power ...

in its traditional form

and return to the heights that the Empire ...

was known under Thutmose III.

Seti I was a real challenge ...

before him:
His goal was

recreate the empire again.

Seti was an experienced soldier,

who had served as ...

supreme commander of Egypt.

With discipline and determination that

expected of a military veteran ...

he would return order to the realm

and absolute power of the pharaoh.

His strategy was based

two time-tested tactics ...

conquest and construction.

In the temple of Karnak Seti leave

your brand when ordering ...

the legendary hypostyle hall, one

the wonders of ancient architecture.

It is a forest with

134 torreantes columns ...

some height

a building of 7 floors.

The columns are as wide

which can only be embraced ...

ten men holding hands.

The ancient Egyptians were

trying to create a large room.

Unfortunately, they did not dominate

building interior spaces.

So, if you want a large room,

had to fill her column.

Hidden in a remote corner of Karnak

there is a column unfinished ...

that reveals how

builders Seti ...

created these gigantic pillars

polished stone.

First, the area around the base of the

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