Egypt: Engineering an Empire Page #9

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column was covered with mud and debris.

Then circular slabs

stone were dragged ...

over a ramp clay

and stacked.

When they reached the ceiling level,

began to take the rubbish ...

and lined the surfaces

the columns and walls.

And then, when all the debris

had been removed ...

and the coating removed,

had a column perfect.

If the columns in the lobby

Hypostyle cemented ...

the legacy builder Seti,

the carvings on the walls ...

extol his tough guy image.

Pharaoh was determined to claim

lost territory ...

during the Amarna.

Launched a series of offensives

Syria and Palestine ...

where Phoenicians controlled ports

and trade routes.

The reliefs at Karnak Seti show

capturing and killing ...

prisoners of war

during these campaigns.

While the soldiers of the King

terrorizing neighbors ...

northeastern Egypt

builders tomb ...

preparing your home

eternal in the Valley of the Kings.

Ali worked with the works

efficiency of an assembly line.

First, a team of masons

curdled the tomb of solid rock ...

using simple copper chisels.

They received oil lamps,

and knew how long ...

and lasted oil wick.

So if they used the lamp ...

was not known whether they

were working ...

the right amount of time.

But if the fuse did not end ...

I could see that they

were misleading.

Tugs came after of Bricklayers

covering the rustic walls ...

with a layer of plaster

and lime to make them smooth.

When the walls were ready,

various artists came to ...

draft to the artisans. the

drafts were made ??in black ink.

Then came the master

correct in red ink.

And in some places there are still patches.

You can see where people were wrong.

Drafts identify

Pharaoh with the sun god Ra ...

and depict his journey

the underworld at night.

In the burial chamber, behind the tomb,

this trip would culminate ...

with the rise of the king to the skies

the following morning ...

to start your journey

the firmament.

After these scenes

were drafted ...

the walls were delivered

the sculptors ...

that cinzelavam meticulously

surface around each drawing ...

to create three-dimensional reliefs.

Some were specialized in hand,

others only made ??faces.

There were various types of workers,

at different times ...

in several parts of the walls.

When the wall was already fully

carved, painted them.

As the work progressed

inland mountain ...

became clear that the tomb of Seti

would be different from all the others.

It began with a long corridor

input, followed by two stairs ...

before reaching a well designed

capture floodwater and thieves.

The grave robbing

was a constant danger.

And we know, from

Documents from Deir el-Medina ...

What is the city in which

thieves lived ...

that from time to time,

people involved ...

in thefts tombs were found

and brought to trial.

If the thieves were able to cross

Well, find ...

an elaborate ruse on the other hand,

a false burial chamber.

It was large enough for a tomb

Pharaonic, but empty and unfinished ...

conveying the message that

no one was buried there.

However, below ground,

left chamber of the false ...

lurked a secret staircase.

It led to another long hallway

leading to the true ...

burial chamber.

Seti I was buried here.

The tomb of Seti

was the most fantastic.

Before, there was nothing like it ...

and, although there are several other

tombs beautiful ...

in the Valley of the Kings, the Seti was

the most beautifully decorated of all.

Seti I, whose triumphs in building

and war had restored ...

the ancient glory of Egypt

died unexpectedly in 1279 a. C. ..

An examination of his mummy suggests

he had less than 40 years.

After the death of the king, the scepter passed

to his son, Ramses II.

Ramses would have more than a hundred children,

survive the most legendary ...

battle of ancient Egypt and cover

every corner of the empire ...

with colossal monuments

to his own ego.

His reign of 67 years mark

the height of glory Egyptian ...

and also lie

the seeds of its bankruptcy.

1964 d.c. ..

An international army

engineers and archaeologists ...

ran to save from annihilation

one of the monuments ...

most precious of Egypt.

The place is Abu Simbel,

in southern Egypt ...

where colossal temples built

during the reign of Ramses the Great

ran the risk of submerging

under the waters of Lake Nassar.

The new lake was formed

because of the construction ...

Dam Assuam,

124km downstream.

Contractors of five nations

raced against the clock ...

to deconstruct the temples

and transport them, stone by stone ...

to higher ground.

First, the engineers cut

temples blocks transportable ...

and led them to a new location,

60m higher and 182m inland.

Here, the blocks were mounted

two artificial mountains ...

reinforced cement. after

four years of steady work ...

and 3200 of existence, the temples

Abu Simbel earned a new home.

It was a miracle.

A sign of cooperation.

It was a work of genius, a combination

engineering old ...

with modern engineering.

The temples at Abu Simbel Ramses II

and his queen Nefertari ...

were magnificent buildings,

made the greatest pharaoh ...

Egypt's history.

They were carved ....

directly on the slope of the gorge.

Imagine Mount Rushmore ...

with a huge church

inside the mountain ...

behind the heads of the presidents.

Ramses ruled in the thirteenth century. C.

At this point ...

Egyptians were already cutting

stones 1500 years ago ...

and they've dominated

the technique as a science.

But if someone questioned

as a science could become art ...

this is the answer. This temple,

actually ...

is a monumental sculpture,

that shows what is possible ...

when art and engineering come together

with a little ego.

With his reign of nearly seven decades,

Ramses II was the Pharaoh of Pharaohs.

Since childhood, all hopes

for his dynasty fell in it ...

which was treated with reverence

usually reserved for gods.

Its status as golden boy

Egypt made ??him ...

the most eligible bachelor in the country.

He had about 21 children,

at age 21 ...

and at least 17 ??wives.

Throughout his life,

he would have 110 kids ...

and perhaps an equal number of daughters.

Why so many children?

Well, that's part of the manhood.

The pharaoh was considered a bull,

and the bull is a kind ...

large symbol

male virility.

The blood of Ramses probably

expanded to a percentage ...

so incredible that, a thousand years later ...

there were thousands of people ...

which probably had

the blood of Ramses the Great.

Ramses distinguished himself not only in love,

but also in the war.

For centuries, Egypt had been

involved in struggles for control ...

ports and trade routes

Middle East.

Seti, the father of Rameses, had

inroads there recently ...

but the dominant tribe

the region, the Hittites ...

remained

formidable an adversary.

Like his father, Ramses wield weapons

to expand the borders of Egypt.

He would attack the Hittite kingdom,

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