Nanking

I think everyone is here.

If you'd all please take your seats,

we can get started.

George Fitch, Christmas Eve, Nanking,

China, 1937.

What I am about to relate is a story

which I feel must be told,

even if it is seen by only a few.

I cannot rest until I have told it and,

perhaps fortunately,

I am one of a very few

who are in a position to tell it.

It is not complete, only a part of the whole,

and God alone knows

when it will be finished.

I pray it may be soon,

but I am afraid it is going to go on

for many months to come.

I believe it has no parallel

in modern history.

Bob Wilson.

I was born and grew up here in China.

My parents were both missionaries.

I went away to medical school at Harvard,

but I came back here to live,

and practice medicine.

Nanking is my home.

Minnie Vautrin. Dean of Ginling

Women's College in Nanking.

I'm from Secor, Illinois,

a small farming town on the prairie.

John Rabe.

I moved to China from Hamburg

on business, over 30 years ago.

I married my childhood sweetheart

from Germany,

and we raised our two children here.

For the last six years, I've been director

of Siemens China company,

here in Nanking, the capital.

March of Time newsreel, August, 1937.

"Today, out of the Far East,

come grim messages of a new conflict."

" The gory chronicle of Japan's war

to crush all of China..."

and gain for herself

sole mastery of the Orient.

Shanghai tastes war at its worst.

For, in a war of today,

there is a new element:

a fearsome, haphazard, modern fighting

that takes its toll on peaceful cities

and their non-combatant populations.

We always knew Japan wanted China.

I knew it since I was little.

My parents always said,

"Japan wants to conquer China because

we have all the land and all the wealth."

And we were right next door.

Everywhere, dugouts can be seen.

In some places,

they are as close as every 200 feet.

Just as you would show

your rose garden

to your friends when they call,

now it's customary

to take your friends to your trenches

and caves, to ask their opinion.

Today, we had a genuine thrill.

The first air raid

that any of us had ever experienced.

It probably won't be the last.

During the worst of the bombing,

on the 19th and 20th of September,

I sat with my Chinese

in our homemade dugout,

which is certainly not bomb-proof,

but at least provides protection

against shrapnel and bomb fragments.

Out in the garden, we've also spread

a 20-by-20-foot piece of canvas,

with a swastika painted on it.

In the long hours

of crouching in the dugout,

during the recent bombardment,

I turned on Radio Shanghai

to take my mind off things

with a little music.

And they were playing

Beethoven's "Funeral March"!

Then, to make matters worse,

they announced to their listeners,

"This music is kindly dedicated to you

by the Shanghai Funeral Directors."

Most of the shops

on the business streets are locked,

and the city has a deserted and forlorn look.

The glances cast at me as much as say,

"What? Are you still here?"

September 25th.

This has been a terrible day.

Bombs seem to be raining around.

Nanking was subjected

to three terrific air raids.

The count of raids and alarms

has now risen to 39.

Gallons of civilian blood flowed today.

Under such circumstances, can I...

May I cut and run?

I don't think so.

Anyone who has ever sat in the dugout and

held a trembling Chinese child in each hand

through the long hours of an air raid

can understand what I feel.

The rich are fleeing.

The poor remain behind.

They don't know where to go.

They don't have the means to flee.

Aren't they in danger

of being slaughtered in great numbers?

Shouldn't one make

an attempt to help them?

There's a question of morality here.

And, so far,

I haven't been able to sidestep it.

Tuesday evening, we took our entire

hospital staff to Shokwan Station,

where about 1,200 Chinese soldiers

lay around.

We found the soldiers

scattered thickly at the station.

Some men were in great agony.

One of the men had his leg shot off

up near the hip.

The wound had not been attended.

The odor of his flesh,

I can never, never forget.

When I reached home,

I first washed with Lysol, and then soap,

but the odor still remained.

I used cold cream,

and then later perfume, but...

All day today, I am still conscious of it.

At 9:
00 p.m., a letter came

by special messenger from the Embassy.

They are asking all men and women

to evacuate Nanking.

It was a very clear, emphatic statement.

Standing offshore

from the doomed city is

the United States gunboat Panay

of the Yangtze Patrol.

Fleeing from the beleaguered city,

a number of Americans and others

arrive at the riverside,

hoping to get aboard the Panay.

Diplomats representing the United States

government pack important state papers

and head for the Panay in cars prominently

marked with the American colors.

I personally feel that I cannot leave.

Men are not asked to leave their ships

when they are in danger,

and women are not asked

to leave their children.

If Americans leave,

a great many of the Chinese would go, also.

The hospital would have to close,

or be operated by military authorities.

One can't help feeling that leaving right now

would be passing up an opportunity

for service of the highest kind.

At 1:
30 this afternoon,

I drove to Zhongshan Wharf.

After a brief goodbye to the passengers,

I take the launch,

which is honking impatiently now,

back to Shokwan.

My last bridge is burned.

The city

is practically deserted now,

except for the poor,

who have no place to go.

This morning, after the service began,

the warning siren sounded.

The pastor asked,

"Shall we continue, or go to a dugout?"

One man said, "Continue." And we did so.

Life is real. Life is earnest these days.

Slowly, the heavy bombers drew near.

When the bombing could be plainly heard

inside the city,

the pastor stopped preaching,

and asked us all to pray silently for peace.

The Chinese appear to regard Shanghai

as the main theater of war,

because Shanghai protects Nanking.

But for how long?

Smoke-filled skies

signal to the world

the final chapter

of the greatest war drama yet filmed.

The actual fall of Shanghai!

At 10:
00 a.m.,

the order came.

"Regiment is to pursue enemy

towards Nanking."

"All troops have to be ready immediately."

General Matsui said Nanking

is the capital of China,

and our capturing of it

will be an international event.

With General Matsui's principle in mind,

we began immediately to make our plans.

From the Tokyo

Nichi-Nichi newspaper,

reported on the road to Nanking.

"There are two

young commissioned officers

"who have undertaken a contest

to cut down a hundred with their swords.

" It is said that one man has already killed

" When we reporters came upon

the two of them conferring,

"second lieutenant Mukai said,

'With things going like this,

"'I'll probably cut down 100 by the time

we reach Danyang, never mind Nanking.

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