Trinity and Beyond

---

Trinity, instead of exploding

first nuclear bomb in the world

July 16, 1945.

Alamogordo, New Mexico, USA,

May 1945

May, 1945.

The hot desert of New Mexico

seems far from the ravages of

the war in Europe.

100 tons of dynamite.

A test...

to measure and calibrate

the power of a nuclear weapon ever tested.

Two months later...

Man releases the destructive power

a demon imprisoned

into the very fabric of matter,

and plunge the world

in the atomic age.

Over the next 20 years,

power tests

nuclear bombs

will maintain the fascination of the world

for these events surrounded by secrecy.

VENTS launched

seven years earlier.

TRUBULENCES IN EUROPE!

Hitler invaded Austria!

March 13, 1938.

Hitler invaded Austria.

3rd Reich begins to deploy

its military power.

Later that year,

German scientists

discover fission

of the uranium nucleus

What brings the 3rd Reich

a step

the discovery of the secret

of the atomic bomb.

FEAR!

Fear of German research

stimulates activities to

United States and England.

The fear that German scientists

could produce weapons

high destructive power.

In autumn 1939,

Dr. Albert Einstein

wrote his famous letter

President Roosevelt,

explaining the urgency of working

in the fission of uranium.

Roosevelt, a man of action,

responded quickly,

and creates an advisory committee

of uranium.

GERMANY INVADES POLAND!

German forces invaded Poland

dragging European nations

in the second world war.

ING DISTRICT NIEURIE

OF MANHATTAN:

A new branch of the Corps of Engineers

was created to oversee the work

on military use of uranium.

Major General L.R. Growe,

the man in charge of the Pentagon,

was appointed head

project.

December 2, 1942, the first reactor

Autonomous chain reaction

has been successfully exploited by Enrico Fermi.

The success of Fermi generates

great efforts

the government

and the private sector,

leading to the creation of huge factories,

for the separation of uranium

in the town of Oakridge, Tennessee,

and for the production of plutonium

Hanford, Washington

on the banks

Columbia River.

Through this effort was forged great

the necessary hardware

to create an atomic bomb.

The first atomic bomb

was built at Los Alamos,

a secret laboratory

New Mexico

When Dr. Oppenheimer J.R.

arrived to take command

he surrounded himself with an incredible range

stars of the scientific world.

Los Alamos was born on design

the bomb and resolution

many theoretical problems.

Many questions remain unanswered, however.

What are the secrets of this new

form of power and destruction?

Knowledge and Information

all aspects of this new weapon

are essential,

and can not be discovered that

by further testing.

I had a good friend, a Hungarian

10 years older than me, Leo Szilard.

He had a very independent-minded

and a large capacity

foreshadow what would happen.

He saw the years ahead

the importance that the explosives

Nuclear would take.

He was a friend of mine, and I helped him.

For example, I took it to

an important interview with Einstein

where Einstein wrote this

famous letter to Roosevelt.

The letter that started it all.

I myself was interested in

Theoretical Physics

atoms, molecular vibrations,

and knowledge of molarity.

I did not want to do.

But then...

Hitler had not only swallowed

half of Poland,

he had also invaded the West.

Two days later, there was

an invitation to a Pan-American Congress

in which Roosevelt, that I had never

seen before, was to speak.

He made a memorable speech,

about how the world is

really in danger because of Hitler.

He said in part, to the point

highlight of the speech:

"You scientists, will be blamed

for the arms to be used"

but I tell you,

"if you do not work on these weapons,

world freedom will be lost."

You know, I felt

Roosevelt spoke to me.

I was there when

The letter was signed

one that stirred up the interest

in nuclear power

He was convinced that

was nuclear

Of the 2,000 scientists who were there,

I felt it spoke to me.

Of course it was not that...

But for this speech

twenty minutes

I made my decision.

I continued to prefer

work in science 'pure',

but this must be done.

Since this must be done

and that I could contribute,

I did,

and I have never regretted

to have done.

The uranium bomb,

called "Little Boy"

had a simple design.

And scientists were convinced

fonctionnerai it without testing.

"Fat Man", or the implosion bomb,

was a more efficient design

which used plutonium

rather than uranium.

In the center of the bomb,

there was a detonator

surrounded by a sphere of plutonium.

This sphere was encapsulated

in a series of lenses highly

explosive placed symmetrically,

creating an implosion

compressing the sphere of plutonium

on itself until it

reaches critical mass.

The explosion brought immediately

temperature to 10 million degrees,

releasing a force of one half

million pounds of pressure

vaporizing the tower and all

desert living within 800m.

The intensity of the light

was sufficient

to cause temporary blindness

an observer at 16 km distance.

With a score of 200 times more potent

the test with 100 tons of TNT,

the fireball created a crater

about 800 m in diameter.

And melted the desert sand

green crystals in which

always contain traces of radioactivity

50 years later.

May 8, 1945,

Germany surrendered to Allied forces,

This puts an end to the war in Europe.

intelligence sources as

command of General Groves concluded

that Germany had not developed

the atomic bomb.

However, the war continued

in the Pacific...

Pearl Harbor forced the entry

the United States at war.

For three years, gaining ground

after each small victory,

our forces conducted

offensive

against the Empire

the Rising Sun.

Gradually, island by island,

mile after mile,

and raids with more pressing,

combined Allied forces land,

sea and air, we

reached the border of the empire.

forcing them to retreat

until the end of 1945,

only the ramparts of the islands

Japanese remain to be destroyed.

the coming campaign

most important of all:

the invasion of Japanese territory,

and face a desperate struggle.

fanatical enemy will not abandon

not until the last fighter

has not been removed from its

trench and killed.

As experience has shown

repeatedly.

the Tinian - South Pacific

has 2500 Km of Japan

Operating Base for

the mission of the 509th Squadron

to launch the first bombs

on Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic

VICTORY!

Japan surrenders

The uranium bomb,

called "Little Boy"

exploded over Hiroshima

at an altitude of 250 meters.

The altitude to achieve

maximum blast.

Three days later,

the implosion bomb "Fat Man"

exploded over Nagasaki.

In Hiroshima 70,000 people

were killed or missing.

On its 90,000 buildings,

more than 60,000 were demolished.

The implosion bomb dropped on

Nagasaki took the lives of 42,000 people,

and injured 40,000 others.

It destroyed 39% of

buildings in the city.

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