Jango Page #10

Annulling the decree on

expropriation of unproductive lands,

the new president put the minds

of large land owners at ease.

With the new economic guidelines,

the International Monetary Fund

came to the assistance of its ally.

A rigorous controI on salaries

would fund development and the

fight against inflation.

After sending to prison

or to exile

the main leaders of

the left and of the union movement,

the military put an end to the

ambitions of their civiI allies.

Ademar de Barros,

Governor of So Paulo,

was an ally of Castelo Branco

but ended up being discharged and unseated,

charged with bribery.

Lacerda's dreams of becoming president

were over when marshal Castelo Branco

extended his own term of office,

and cancelled the presidential

election of 1965.

lRREVERSlBLE DEClSlON:

GOVERNORS-ELECT TO BE VESTED lN OFFlCE.

The elections for state governor

turned JK into the heart of the civiI resistance.

The victory of the opposition

for state governor

in Minas and in Guanabara

alarmed the government.

Pressured by the hard-core

segment of the armed forces,

Castelo Branco

enacted Institutional Act No. 2,

banning political parties

and turning the elections for governor

into indirect ones.

A cordial JK, after being unseated,

followed the same lPM ritual,

walking the same path that

many other Brazilians would follow.

Jango the farmer, exiled in Uruguay,

lived in angst over the

uncertainties of the wait.

His most wanted return

had no scheduled date.

The anguish of those days

caused his children's birthdays

to go almost uncelebrated.

The desire to see Brazil

become a democracy again

led Jango, in exile, to unite

with Carlos Lacerda and JK

to structure the Ample Front, a movement

that was banned soon thereafter.

Opposition movements had

less and less freedom

Lacerda would be the most illustrious name

in the next list of unseated politicians.

The successor of Marshal Castelo Branco

was General Costa e Silva.

Against the will of Castelo,

the minister of war was made candidate.

In the Congress, under the applause of Arena

and before a silent MDB,

Costa e Silva was inaugurated.

The new president was sworn in

under a new Constitution,

enacted in 1967 with deep

restrictions on the liberal principles

of the previously untouched

Constitution of 1946.

Marginalization of the people

and failed political solutions

led the way to opposition marches.

Protests promoted

by students,

intellectuals and professionals,

under violent repression,

led the way to radicalization.

The defeat of populism

caused disenchantment with

traditional political formulas

and launched a new motto:

"armed fight."

From the Carabas area

to the southern mountains,

stretched the revolutionary wave of the 60s.

Tupamaros in Uruguay,

Douglas Bravo in Venezuela

and father Camilo Torres in Colombia

started guerrilla activities.

Rangers trained in the U.S.

were chasing Ernesto Che Guevara.

The formidable shadow of Che

would disappear on October 8, 1967.

The death of the guerilla commander,

that had been announced so many times,

would soon be acknowledged

by FideI Castro in Havana.

...also a dark photograph.

This is the picture.

You can be sure

that I wish Che had adopted

at least certain preventive measures.

He often led the way

on exploration units.

On the other hand, it is also

possible that he

was very conscious

of the mission he had chosen

and of the subjective value of men.

In the heart of America,

in the province of La Higuera, in Bolivia,

a helicopter brought

the tied-up body of Guevara.

General Hugo Bnzer

inspected the operation in person.

He was nervous, as a hunter

feeling inferior to his prey.

Ernesto Che Guevara, the exemplary

activist, was dead.

His image holding a shotgun,

with a star on his cap

would reemerge not only in the 3rd world,

but also in the '68 rebellions in

Paris, Prague, Berlin, Berkeley.

dson Luiz, a young man

shot to death in Rio de Janeiro,

would be the first victim of the

clash between the police and students.

Those who remain silent over your body

Agree to your death

THE YANKEES HAVE MURDERED

A BRAZlLlAN MAN

By sword and fire

Deep down in the tear

Shot in the chest

OUR PEOPLE ARE BLEEDlNG

Those who remain silent die with you

Those who remain silent die with you

Deader than you are now

ARM Y GO HOME:

A watch on the floor of the square

Ticking, telling the time

Set by anger

MURDERS. VENGEANCE

In the fire, mirroring

The shine of your hair

Those who shouted live on with you

His death prompted great

movements of protest on the streets.

On the other hand, it was decided by

the meeting of intellectuals

that they would attend the march

en masse.

I'll be there and hope

you will too.

- How about you, Tnia?

- We will all be there.

I'll go as a woman, as an actress,

as a mother, as a citizen.

I'll go because I want

the pubic opinion

to known that we have a lot of courage

to unmask the myth

that the students are doing something

wrong, that they are troublemakers.

They are our hope and we

have our arms open for them,

to accept their claims.

I'm very proud that

my kids are taking part in it.

I'll be on the streets. I have

two kids who are university students.

l'd rather they be on the streets

than smoking marijuana.

Partying and smoking marijuana.

Let's take a walk on the hidden forest,

My love

Let's take a walk down the avenue

Let's take a walk through the high path,

My love

There are mountains looming over the asphalt

The pretext for the toughening up of the regime

was the speech by opposition

congressman Mrcio Moreira Alves,

the government's attempt to sue him

and the denial of the Congress,

to protect its sovereignty.

President Vargas

President Vargas

President Vargas

Let's go for a walk

In the United States of Brazil

Let's go for a walk in disguise

In December 1968,

again on a Friday 13th,

the government closed the Congress

and enacted Institutional Act No. 5.

The toughening up of the regime and

the repression of civiI organizations

neutralized the opposition.

Censorship on newspapers, radio and TV

concealed any sign of protest.

The church, which had supported

the forces that removed Jango from power,

reappeared in the late 60s

as the only organized institution

to defend justice and

human rights.

The murder of father Henrique,

a direct assistant to D. Hlder Cmara,

marked with blood

the new standing of the Church.

The repression, the ban

on people's movements,

the obstruction of union movements,

caused the Church to be the

last remaining place

where people's movements

can get organized.

In a way, the Church is

the only institution to which

a retired general could

not be appointed

chairman of the Episcopal Conference

or Archbishop of So Paulo.

So that brought people to the

Church.

After the initial success,

marked by kidnappings

and bank robberies,

the urban guerrilla, isolated

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